Most congenital heart defects develop in the womb and are present at birth. Certain medical conditions, medications, and genes may influence the development of heart defects. Sometimes, structural heart defects can occur in adults as the heart’s structure changes with age. Researchers are still working to understand the exact causes of cardiomyopathy. It can be hereditary or caused by damage to the heart after a heart attack, years of untreated hypertension, heart valve abnormalities, or infection.

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